博物馆展柜用得越来越多,相应的照明方式也不断丰富。但是,不同的方式区别较大,各有优劣。今天,我们就针对常用的十种方式,逐一讨论。
01
顶部面光普照式
这是早期比较常见的一种照明方式。即在顶部把展柜照得通亮。所有展品一览无遗,适于小展柜及察看展品细节。
早期是用灯管排列起来,下面用毛玻璃,把光打匀灯管光色偏白,显指不太高。
后来改成led面板灯或者灯带。
无论哪种,要控制好光源与玻璃的距离,毛玻璃的表面处理,做好了光会很匀。做不好光是一截一截的。
当然,这种普照式的不好的地方是:
● 顶部光会产生眩光。解决的办法是调色光源的亮度,做柔和一些。还有一个办法是把毛玻璃往里做,或者展柜外面的档板加高,这样会好很多。还有一个办法,就是把玻璃面做成往里倾斜,这样杂散光会与观众的目光方向一致,也就进不了观众的视线。
● 灯光太平淡,无法重点突出展品。
02
顶部重点照明
这也是早期常用的方式,即在顶部放置卤素灯,中间隔一块玻璃,透过玻璃,对展品进行照明。
玻璃将展品与照明隔开,实现光热分离。
与靠前种方式不同,这种方式能针对展品实现重点照明。若要强调细部,也可以用宽光束灯具补充。
当然,其缺点也很明显:玻璃上有一团团的光斑。尤其是时间长了,玻璃上积灰,光斑更明显,积灰更是一览无遗
进入LED时代,人们把灯具改成了小瓦数灯具,散热低了很多!也有将玻璃换成黑色格栅,这样看起来好了很多!
博物馆展柜照明的十种方式
但是,一定要注意灯具的发热量,如果发热量大,超过展柜本身的散热量,就会造成热量积聚,造成文物损伤。
不管改成何种方式,灯具与展品之间比较好有一层隔断,尤其是传统灯具。
有隔断能实现光热分离,另一方面如果灯具老化,出现掉落时,能有效保护展品。尤其是位于展柜中心的灯具,万一跌落,会造成不可估量的损失!
03
光纤照明
在传统照明时代,由于卤素灯发热量大,对于珍贵文物,尤其是对热敏感展品,要解决灯具本身的发热,还有光照中的红外辐射,是比较麻烦的。在这种情况下,光纤照明因应而生。
More and more museum display cabinets are used, and the corresponding lighting methods are constantly abundant. However, the different methods are quite different and each has its own advantages and disadvantages. Today, we will discuss each of the ten commonly used methods.
01
Top light photo type
This is the most common way of lighting in the early days. That is, brighten the display cabinet at the top. All exhibits are available for small display cabinets and details.
In the early days, the lamps were arranged together, and the wool glass was used below to beat the light evenly. The light color of the lamp was white, and the indication was not too high.
Later changed to led panel lights or tape.
Either way, to control the distance between the light source and the glass, the surface treatment of the wool glass, the light will be very uniform. You can't do it right. It's just one piece at a time.
Of course, the bad thing about this universal style is:
The top light produces glare. The solution is to color the brightness of the light source and make it softer. There is also a way to do the glass inside, or the outside of the display cabinet to raise the baffle, which will be much better. Another way is to tilt the glass face inwards, so that the scattered light will be in line with the audience's eyes and can not enter the audience's sight.
The light is too flat to highlight the exhibits.
02
Top Key Lighting
This is also a common method used in the early days, that is, placing halogen lamps at the top, separated by a piece of glass, and lighting the exhibits through glass.
Glass separates the exhibits from the lighting to achieve light and heat separation.
Unlike the first way, this method can achieve key lighting for exhibits. If you want to emphasize the details, you can also use a wide beam lamp to supplement.
Of course, its disadvantages are also obvious: there is a cluster of light spots on the glass. In particular, the time is longer, the dust on the glass, the light spots are more obvious, and the ash is even more obvious.
Into the LED era, people changed the lamp into a small tile number of lamps, cooling a lot lower! There is also a black grille for the glass, which looks much better!
Ten Ways to Lighting a Museum Exhibit
However, we must pay attention to the heat of the lamps. If the heat is large and exceeds the scattered heat of the display cabinet itself, it will cause heat accumulation and cause damage to cultural relics.
No matter how it is changed, it is best to have a layer of separation between the lamps and the exhibits, especially traditional lamps.
On the other hand, if the lamp ages and falls, it can effectively protect the exhibits. Especially in the center of the display cabinet lamps, if fall, will cause incalculable losses!
03
Fiber optic lighting
In the traditional lighting era, due to the high heat of halogen lamps, it is more troublesome for precious cultural relics, especially heat-sensitive exhibits, to solve the heat of the lamps themselves, as well as the infrared radiation in the light. In this case, fiber optic lighting is produced.